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- Personal name - Borrinaga, George Emmanuel R.
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| Title Statement |
- Title - José Rizal in the emotional landscape of Samar and Leyte at the turn of the 20th century
- Statement of responsibility, etc. - George Emmanuel R. Borrinaga
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| Summary, Etc. |
- Summary, etc. - This paper traces Rizal's impact on the Filipino nationalist movement as it emerged in Samar and Leyte at the turn of the 20th century. Using documented oral literature and history as primary sources, it locates that influence from the perspective of small communities which assimilated the story of Rizal's life and death in linguistic and cultural regions outside Manila and the Tagalog-speaking provinces of which he was native. Approaching these sources through a history of emotions, it suggests that indignation over Rizal's martyrdom at the hands of the Spaniards in 1896 was collectively felt in islands where distinct anti-Spanish revolutionary discourses had developed independently in the years prior to the outbreak of the 1896 Revolution, the event for which Rizal was tried and executed as its alleged prime mover. The paper thus examines how Rizal's death might have inspired the "village nationalism" that was mobilized in Samar and Leyte's anti-colonial movements in the early 20th century. A closer scrutiny of the turn of events in the region after Rizal's death would suggest that the example of self-sacrifice set by Rizal (as conveyed through oral forms of literature and history), and the notion of a collective revolutionary struggle as "Filipinos" introduced to the region by the generals appointed by the Philippine Republic's President Emilio Aguinaldo, came into contact with older notions of unity and struggle. The paper argues that this convergence resulted in a form of nationalism that was small-scale in its scope, mutualistic and/or collectivist in its practices, and autonomist in its aspirations. While a "Filipino" label was embraced as a unifying identifier in Samar and Leyte, the extent of its affective boundaries was constrained by local identifications (e.g., family, village, town, island, etc.) based on pre-existing solidarities shaped by cooperative networks for everyday needs, past crisis responses, and earlier socio-religious movements. Rizal's memory thus helped empower small communities in navigating the last decades of colonial rule in Samar and Leyte through his becoming an exemplar of village- and clan-centered notions of loyalty, solidarity, bravery, tenacity, and perseverance
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| Subject Personal Name |
- Personal name - Rizal, Jose,
- Dates associated with a name - 1861-1896
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| Subject Topical Term |
- Topical term or geographic name as entry element - Nationalism and collective memory
- Geographic subdivision - Philippines
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| Subject Geographic Name |
- Geographic name - Leyte Island (Philippines: Province)
- General subdivision - History
- Geographic name - Samar (Philippines: Province)
- General subdivision - History
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| Index Termuncontrolled |
- Uncontrolled term - village nationalism
- Uncontrolled term - history of emotions
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| Host Item Entry |
- Title - The Journal of History
- Related parts - Vol l, LXVI (January-December 2020)
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